Inclusión financiera de las MIPYMES. Asunción, 2025 Un análisis del acceso, uso, barreras y educación financiera
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21309437Keywords:
financial inclusion, MSMEs, financial education, barriers, financial servicesAbstract
The research analyzed the level of financial inclusion of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Asunción during 2025. Although this sector represents more than 98% of productive units in Paraguay, structural barriers persist that limit access to formal financial services. The study aimed to determine the degree of access to and use of financial services, identify the main barriers and evaluate the financial education of entrepreneurs. A quantitative, descriptive and non-experimental design was applied, surveying 30 formally registered MSMEs. The findings revealed that financial inclusion is partial and fragmented: high access to basic services such as savings accounts, but limited use of credit and insurance. The main barriers identified were bureaucratic requirements, high costs, lack of credit history, and mistrust. Respondents, mostly with a college education, showed strong financial knowledge, suggesting that the main challenges are structural rather than cognitive. The study concludes that financial inclusion remains nominal rather than effective, and that public policies should focus on reducing costs, easing requirements, and strengthening financial literacy and digitalization.
References
Álvarez Merelo, O. L., Álvarez Merelo, J. C., Villarreal Vera, L. A., Zurita Desiderio, M. J. y Llerena Ureta, J. F. (2025). La importancia de la educación financiera en la toma de decisiones empresariales: Perspectivas y desafíos. Latam: Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v6i1.3580
Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID). (2017). Las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas en Paraguay: caracterización del sector y análisis de los principales aspectos que limitan su desarrollo. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.https://www.mipymes.gov.py/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DIAGNOSTICOYLINEAMIENTOSMIPYMESCONSOLID
ADO.pdf
Beck, T. y Demirgüç-Kunt, A. (2006). Small and medium-size enterprises: Access to finance as a growth constraint. Journal of Banking & Finance, 30(11), 2931–2943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2006.05.009
Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) (2020). Mipymes en América Latina: Un frágil desempeño y nuevos desafíos para las políticas de fomento. CEPAL. https://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/44148 (repositorio.cepal.org in Bing)
Corporación Andina de Fomento (CAF). (2021). Informe anual CAF 2021. CAF. https://scioteca.caf.com/handle/123456789/1902
Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL). (2025). Preguntas frecuentes sobre inclusión financiera de PyMEs. CEPAL. https://www.cepal.org/es/proyectos/inclusion-financiera-pymes/preguntas-frecuentes
Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D., Ansar, S. y Hess, J. (2018). The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring financial inclusion and the fintech revolution. World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhz013
Hernández-Sampieri, R., Fernández-Collado, C. y Baptista-Lucio, P. (2018). Metodología de la investigación (6.ª ed.). McGraw Hill Education. ISBN: 9781456260965
Lusardi, A. y Mitchell, O. S. (2014). The economic importance of financial literacy: Theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Literature, 52(1), 5–44. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.52.1.5
Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A. y Berry, L. L. (1988). SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12–40.
Pereira, F. J., Ramírez, M. y Gómez, A. (2025). Diagnóstico del acceso al financiamiento formal en MIPYMES paraguayas [Estudio en curso]. (No disponible en repositorios académicos; referencia en proceso).
Pro Desarrollo Paraguay. (2025). Inclusión financiera, conexión al mercado y trámites ágiles: Claves para la formalización de las MIPYMES. https://pro.org.py/inclusion-financiera-conexion-al-mercado-y-tramites-agiles-claves-para-la-formalizacion-de-las-mipymes/
Roa, M. J. y Villegas, A. (2021). Capacidades, inclusión y vulnerabilidad financieras en Paraguay (Serie Políticas Públicas y Transformación Productiva N.º 38). CAF. https://scioteca.caf.com/handle/123456789/1802
Stiglitz, J. E. y Weiss, A. (1981). Credit rationing in markets with imperfect information. American Economic Review, 71(3), 393–410. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1802787
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Gerda María Palacios de Asta
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Editorial Committee of the Journal reserves the right to introduce formal modifications necessary to adapt the text to the publication standards, for this reason, the digital version of the article presented must be modifiable.
Once published, the printing and reproduction rights belong to the Publisher. It is optional for the Editor to allow the reproduction of the article. In this way, it works with the Creative Commons 4.0 license, which deals with non-commercial recognition, share alike.
